How does plaque accumulation affect gum health?

Plaque accumulation significantly impacts gum health by leading to gingival inflammation. When plaque—a sticky film composed of bacteria, food particles, and saliva—builds up on the teeth, it irritates the gum tissue. This irritation triggers an immune response, causing the gums to become red, swollen, and tender, a condition known as gingivitis.

If plaque is not effectively removed through regular brushing and flossing, the inflammation can progress, potentially leading to more severe periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis, which can result in damage to the underlying bone supporting the teeth. Therefore, managing plaque through diligent oral hygiene is crucial for maintaining healthy gums and preventing a cascade of dental issues.

In contrast, other options indicate either a positive impact on gum health, such as healing the tissue or claiming that plaque has no effect, which does not align with established knowledge in periodontal health. Additionally, while plaque can contribute to tooth decay, it is the inflammation of the gums that is the most direct consequence of plaque accumulation in this context.