How does smoking affect the outcomes of periodontal surgery?

Smoking has well-documented negative effects on the healing process, especially following surgical procedures, including periodontal surgery. The chemicals in tobacco contribute to reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to the tissues due to vasoconstriction, which impairs healing. Furthermore, smoking is associated with alterations in the immune response, which may lead to an increased risk of infection and complications post-surgery.

Research indicates that smokers often experience poorer outcomes compared to non-smokers regarding osseointegration of dental implants, tissue healing, and overall periodontal health. Smokers may also encounter increased pocket depth and reduced clinical attachment levels after surgery, making successful treatment more challenging. Therefore, recognizing the detrimental impact of smoking is crucial for evaluating a patient's prognosis and formulating treatment plans in periodontal care.