What can be used to stop excessive bleeding after it occurs?

Using gauze soaked in sterile ice water is an effective method to control excessive bleeding. The cold temperature of the ice water can cause vasoconstriction, which narrows the blood vessels and helps reduce blood flow to the area. When applied with pressure, this technique can further contribute to clot formation and minimize bleeding during and after surgical procedures. The physical properties of wet gauze can also assist in mechanically aiding in the clotting process by applying direct pressure to the site of bleeding.

Topical anesthetics, while useful in pain management, do not have any hemostatic properties and hence do not stop bleeding. Similarly, vasoconstrictors may be effective in some contexts but are typically not used alone for managing excessive bleeding post-event, as they often require adjunctive methods, such as pressure, to be effective. Antibiotic ointments are primarily used to prevent infection and do not play any role in controlling bleeding.