Which of the following can occur during Phase II of periodontal therapy?

Phase II of periodontal therapy typically focuses on surgical interventions and more advanced treatments aimed at managing periodontal disease after the initial non-surgical phase has been completed. A gingivectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of tissue from the gums, which is specifically used to reduce or correct periodontal pockets and allow for better access for cleaning the teeth and roots. This procedure is directly related to the goals of Phase II, which often include reducing pocket depth and improving periodontal health.

In contrast, prophylaxis primarily refers to preventive care measures that are more appropriate in the earlier phases of treatment, aimed at maintaining oral health and preventing gingival disease. Occlusal management and caries control also fall within the realm of restorative and preventive dental care, which are generally not classified as surgical procedures suited to Phase II. Such measures are significant but are more aligned with the initial phases of therapy aimed at stabilization rather than advanced surgical intervention. Thus, a gingivectomy is the most relevant option that directly corresponds with the objectives of Phase II in periodontal therapy.